http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=seide&date=2009-12-21

せいで (seide)

    Meaning: because of, due to (indicates only negative meaning)
    Example: Due to lack of sleep, I have a headache today

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  Notes:  
せいで;のせいだ;せいで;せいか
所為　(せい) (n) cause/ reason/ fault (from WWWJDIC) Using the Kanji in this grammatical construction is likely very rare, however.


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• 寝不足のせいで、今日は頭がぼんやりしている   [ex #5966]
Due to lack of sleep, today I'm absent minded Due to

• あいつのせいで、先生に叱られた。   [ex #5990]
Because of him, I was scolded by my teacher.

•   [ex #6428]
気のせいか、彼は今日は何となく元気がなく感じられた。

• 私は失敗したのは、彼のせいだ。   [ex #6429]
Because of him, I failed.

• Because of (the fault of) the train being late, I was late.   [ex #6430]
電車が遅れたせいで、遅刻した。 the train's fault

• 暑いせいか、食欲がない。   [ex #6431]
Since it's hot, I have no appetite.

• 台風のせいで、旅行にいけなかったんです。   [ex #6953]
We did not go on the trip because of the typhoon.

• 天気のせいか、気分が悪い。   [ex #7096]
It's the weather's fault that I don't feel good.

• 学生が上手にならないのは、教え方が下手なせいかもしれない。   [ex #7097]
Maybe the student is not becoming good because of the poor way of teaching.

• 熱がある せいで何を食べてもおいしくない。   [ex #7154]
Those food all not taste to me because of i feel fever.

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</ul>   See Also:  

• okagede
• bakarini

[ Add a See Also ]

  Comments:  

• What happened to the English verisons of ex #6428,ex #6429,ex #6430 and ex #6431?
  
  (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• About the Ex 6430．。。The Translation should be...Because of the late train,So I came late! (contributor: gahoangdai)
  
• Ex 6429 The translation should be..Because of him,I failed. (contributor: gahoangdai)
  
• What's with the か after せい、and how do you know when to use か、で, or nothing at all after the せい？ (contributor: Izumi19)
  
• Ex. 6430 should be translated as "I was late because the train was late (or delayed). (contributor: lucinda lohmanoota)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=noamari&date=2009-12-20

の余り (noamari)

    Meaning: because of too much
    Example: 心配のあまり => because of too much anxiety

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  Notes:  
can be used for both good and bad things.

心配のあまり
because of too much anxiety.

嬉しさのあまりとび上がった。
I was so glad I couldnt help jumping up
[動-辞書形 / た形；な形-な；名-の]＋あまり


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• 心配のあまり   [ex #92]
because of too much anxiety.

• 彼女は一番行きたかった大学に合格し、嬉しさのあまり跳び上がった。   [ex #137]
Being successful with the eligibility for the University she most wanted to enter, she was so glad she couldn't help jumping up.

• 父親の死を知らされて、悲しみのあまり、寝込んでしまいました。   [ex #4413]
When people let him know about the death of his father, because of too much sadness , he went laid up completely.

• ショックのあまり、涙も出ませんでしたよ。   [ex #4414]
I was so shocked that I didn't even cry.

• 韓国には空腹のあまり家主の犬を調理しようとした男を逮捕された。   [ex #4415]
In Korea, a man who, because of too much hunger , intended to cook his proprietary dog, have been arrested.

• 恥辱のあまり数回自殺未遂している。   [ex #4417]
Because of too much shame she attempted suicide several times.

• そのニュースを聞いた時、ニコルは悲しみのあまり我を忘れた。   [ex #4423]
Nicole was beside herself with grief when she heard the news.

• その映画を見て彼女は感動のあまり涙を流した。   [ex #4424]
The movie moved her to tears.

• その光景を見て私は恐怖のあまり身の毛がよだつ思いだった。   [ex #4425]
My hair stood on end with horror when I saw the scene.

• その知らせを聞いたとき、誰もが喜びのあまり叫び声をあげた。   [ex #4426]
Everyone shouted for joy when they heard the news.

• 怪物は激怒のあまりうなった。   [ex #4427]
The Sphinx howled with rage.

• 感動のあまり、彼は一言も発することができなかった。   [ex #4428]
So great was his emotion that he could not utter a word.

• 嬉しさのあまりとび上がった。   [ex #4429]
I was so glad I couldnt help jumping up

• 驚きのあまり口もきけなかった。   [ex #4430]
I was too surprised to speak.

• 驚きのあまり話す力がなくなってしまいました。   [ex #4431]
Astonishment deprived me of my power of speech.

• 私は空腹のあまり口もきけなかった。   [ex #4432]
I was too hungry to speak.

• 昇任したさのあまり彼は他人の感情を考えなかった。   [ex #4433]
His desire for promotion blinded him to other's feelings.

• 悲しみのあまり彼女は気が狂った。   [ex #4434]
Grief drove her mad.

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</ul>   See Also:  

• amari

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  Comments:  

• With kanji - 余り. See also variant あんまり (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• あんまり is often used on its own to mean "That's too much!" / "That's horrible!" "ソレはあんまりよ！" (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• ex#137 This would be more natural この話は本当にしてはあまりにもうますぎる。 (contributor: Miki)
  
• I agree with Miki-san. Let's change #137. (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• ex#4429 English should be 'I was too glad to jump up.' (contributor: Miki)
  
• #4429: how about: I was so glad I jumped up? (contributor: dc)
  
• shouldn't ex [#4417] be removed here and moved to amari 2? (contributor: infinite_trial)
  
• I agree with "infinite_trial." Also, in #4415, "late up night" should be "late at nights." (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• Shouldn't ex#137, ex #4413, #4414, #4415, #4417 be moved to another あまりcategory? (contributor: 誠)
  
• Just to clarify, can のあまり only be used with nouns or adjectives (+sa)? (contributor: tw)
  
• very colloquial masculine version:　あんま (contributor: shiho-chan)
  
• 誠 is absolutely right about ex[#137, #4413, #4414, #4415, #4417]! The あまり in these examples has another meaning ("too") and they should be moved! (contributor: S.G.)
  
• I moved amari entry to noamari which didn't exist.
  I moved Ex #137, #4413, #4414, #4415 and #4417 to the amari entry I created for them, and they became Ex #6790, #6791, #6792, #6793 and #6794 respectively.
  I changed #137, #4413, #4414, #4415, #4417 so they fit for the noamari entry.
  Is this too much contribution?/参加の余りでしょうか。
  After that, I don't understand "昇任したさ" in Ex #4433. 高い makes 高さ by move to substantive. Does したい makes したさ the same way? (contributor: 赤毛)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=toittemo&date=2009-12-19

といっても (toittemo)

    Meaning: but
    Example: the training is tough, but it only lasts three months

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  Notes:  
　[動・い形・な形・名]の普通形＋といっても　＜sometimes[な形；名]do not use [だ]＞
FORMATION:
Ｖ(plain form) + といっても
いＡ + といっても
なＡ・Ｎ + といっても

＊何といっても can be translated as "after all."


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• 大変だといっても3ヶ月間だけですから。   [ex #277]
You can say it would be tough, but keep in mind that it only lasts three months.

• 日本語ができると言ったって、平仮名や片仮名しか読めないから、難しい漢字が出ると困るわ。   [ex #3111]
While I say I can understand Japanese, because I can only read Hiragana and Katakana, I have trouble when a difficult Kanji pops up.

• 日本の春を代表する花は何と言っても桜でしょう。   [ex #3116]
The flower typifying spring in Japan is, undoubtedly (whatever you say) , sakura.

• 「愛と哀しみの果て」は俗受けしたけど何といっても映像のきれいな映画だった。   [ex #4408]
Although it was a popular movie, Out of Africa was more of a coffee table movie than anything else.

• たとえ大会があるといっても、彼らにそんなにたくさんのお金を請求してはいけないな。」   [ex #4409]
Even if there is a convention, I shouldn't ask them for so much money.

• メアリーはまた失敗した。なんといっても彼女はまだ若い。   [ex #4410]
Mary has failed again. After all she is still young.

• 一口に英会話教材といっても、千差万別だ。   [ex #4411]
They all get lumped together as English texts. But in fact these books are extremely varied and wide-ranging.

• 何といっても私がまちがっておりました。   [ex #4412]
I was wrong all the same.

• 彼女が上手な歌手だといってもお酒を飲み過ぎた後でカラオケで歌うだけです。   [ex #5949]
Although it is said that she is a good signer, all she does is karaoke whilst drunk.

• 庭があるといっても猫の額ほどです。   [ex #5995]
There is a garden, but it's tiny.

• 熱帯の国といっても、朝晩は涼しくて過ごしやすくなる。   [ex #6240]
It's a tropical country and yet, the mornings and evenings are cool, making it easy to live through.

• 中国語ができるといっても、基礎を勉強しただけですから、まだまだです。   [ex #6241]
I can speak Chinese, but I've only studied the basics, so I still have a long way to go.

• わたしは甘いものがあまり好きではない。といっても、クッキーやケーキをまったく食べないということではない。   [ex #6725]
I don't really like sweet things. But that doesn't mean I never eat cookies or cake.

• 料理の勉強を始めたといっても、また三か月にすぎない。   [ex #6726]
Even if I say that I began to study cooking, it is only during 3 month.

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</ul>   See Also:  

• toiuyori
• keredomo
• tohaie

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  Comments:  

• Literally : 'say X but' e.g. "Say it's tough, but because it only lasts three months ..." (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• Cleaned up the examples. (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• In the first example, the highlights are positioned wrong. 「大変だといっても3ヶ月間だけですから。」 (It's tough, but it only lasts three months.) The "but" should be highlighted. Also, the given English translation adds too many extras, such as "you can say" and "keep in mind." Those are not present in the Japanese sentence. Also, can we try to remember periods?
  
  Example #4409 is in the wrong grammar entry. It should be in たとえ〜ても, which means "even if." といっても by itself means "yet, however, but." Also, the correct translation is, "Even if I say that there's a convention, I really shouldn't ask them for so much money."
  
  Example #4412, it should be "I was wrong after all." Example #5995 doesn't have an English translation, which should be "Although there's a garden, it's rather tiny."
  
  (contributor: rubyhatchet)
  
• As shown in Example #3111, another version of 〜と言っても　is 〜と言ったって. This is no less formal and has exactly the same meaning. A less formal and less common version is 〜ったって, which is placed after a plain affirmative verb, eg 帰るったって.
  (contributor: xabre24)
  
• Shouldn't the grammar formation for なＡ・Ｎ be:
  なＡ・Ｎ + だ＋といっても
  as used in #277 and #5949?
  Or perhaps
  なＡ・Ｎ + (だ)といっても
  ? (contributor: khyron)
  
• isn`t this the Vても form meaning even if?
  
  彼はいい人だっても、好きにならないよ
  even if he was a good person, I wouldn`t like him.
  
  この上着が７５％割引になっても、買えない
  even if that jacket was 75% off I couldn`t buy it.
  
  「〜」と言っても ＝ even if you say”〜” (contributor: tigert)
  
• The English translation for #6725 looks way off. Should probably be something like, "I don't really like sweet things. But then again, that doesn't mean I never eat cookies or cake. (contributor: cone)
  
• Ok Coneさん, I changed the English translation close to your version. Thanks for contributing. (contributor: 赤毛)
  
• A：色々な所へ旅行が出来ていいね。
  B:旅行といっても仕事で行くので遊んでいられない。
  
  A:It's good that you can visit many places, isn't it?
  B:I travel but for work, so I can't have fun.
  (contributor: UmiLi)
  
• The translation for ex #5995 was inaccurate. 額（ひたい）in this context means "forehead", not "amount". So you get, "the forehead of a cat", an amusing Japanese way of saying "tiny". "The amount of a cat" makes absolutely no sense. Think harder next time about your translations. (contributor: dekirukana)
  
• I think the Header Meaning should say more than just "but"...the idea I see most often with this is:
  
  A is X, but it is only a little bit X
  
  In other words, the second part serves to deprecate the first part ("We have a garden, but it is only a tiny garden." or "I travel a lot, but only for work ( so it isn't much fun).") (contributor: jmadsen)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=nishitemo&date=2009-12-18

〜にしても (nishitemo)

    Meaning: even for
    Example: even for japanese keigo is difficult

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  Notes:  
＊Similar grammar constructions include; 〜も, 〜にとっても, 〜の立場でも, 〜から見ても.

FORMATION:
Ｎ + にしても


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• グループ・ポリシーの設定を無効にしても設定内容が元に戻らない。   [ex #286]
By invalidating the group policy setting, the [rest of] the settings will not return to their original state.

• 国民にしても考えは同じです。   [ex #1089]
Even for the people, the way of thinking is the same.

• この漢字は難しい。大人にしても読みにくい。   [ex #1264]
This kanji is difficult. Even for adults, its difficult to read.

• 日本人にしても敬語は難しい。   [ex #1274]
Even for japanese, honorific terms are difficult.

• それにしても最近雨ばかり。   [ex #1276]
anyway its been nothing but rain recently.

• 交通渋滞にしても遅くちゃいけない   [ex #4867]
even despite the traffic, you must not be late

• たとえ冗談にしても、それは失礼だ。   [ex #6354]
Even as a joke, that's an insult.

• 日本の夏はいつも蒸し暑いですよ。それにしても今年は随分蒸し暑いですね。   [ex #6355]
The Japanese summer is always muggy. Even so this year is very muggy.

• 冬に しては結構暑いよね。   [ex #6356]
For winter its quite warm isn't it.

• あなた,道は全然分からないな。タクシードライバーのくせに！   [ex #6357]
Also the meaning is very similar to にしても but we can also use くせに right? For a taxi driver you are pretty bad with directions.

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</ul>   See Also:  

• demo
• nishiro; niseyo
• kuseni

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  Comments:  

• I think 'にしても' is more like "even with" "even for" (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• The first example is bad because we normally use としても. The second example, in the sense of "if we were to make..." is okay but the meaning of this sentence is not at all clear. (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• maybe this is usually used as the second clause to emphasize? See if my third example above makes sense
  
  　として　= for
  　にしても　= even for (contributor: dc)
  
• ex#286 is the transformation of 無効にする, isn't it? I think this is not included to this にしても. (contributor: Miki)
  
• As for the first example, I agree with bamboo4.
  As for the 3rd and 4th examples, they can be reaplced by にさへ or にとっても. (contributor: Miki)
  
• 〜にしても can be reaplced by = （例えtatoe）〜としても　→ even if (contributor: Miki)
  
• 警護(guarding) should be replaced with 敬語(honoriffics) in the fourth example. In addition to Example 1, it is more natural to use としても in Examples 3 and 4. (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• hmm, so we don't have a good example for nishitemo ?
  maybe i am getting confused with nishiteha (contributor: dc)
  
• can someone check my trans of
  それ にしても 最近雨ばかり (contributor: dc)
  
• 'それにしても'is used to (1) to change the topic, (2) even so.
  The example 5 is (1). so E-trans should be changed to (contributor: Miki)
  
• Anyway,its been nothing but rain recently. (contributor: Miki)
  
• It might be more suitable to use であっても or colloqual だって for Examples 1, 3 and 4 にしても in Examople 2 can be a different animal. (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• Examples 3 and 4 can be simplified to でも. If you have でも already, they should go there. As for それにしても 最近雨ばかり, I don't have any problem.
  
  (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• The demo we have means "but".
  日本人　でも　敬語は難しい
  = japanese -but- keigo is tough ??
  
  or can demo also mean "even for" ? (contributor: dc)
  
• This でも means 'even for" and different from but=でも. (contributor: Miki)
  
• Miki-san is correct. Since 敬語 is the primary topic, the word order would normally be 敬語は日本人でも難しい. Yu can also say, cnversationally, 敬語となると日本人だって難しい.
  (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• same as ‾に(も)せよ and ‾にしろ
  also in constructs like ‾にしろ‾にしろ in the meaning of ‾でも‾でも (contributor: halx)
  
• I think the "無効にしても” example is different from the rest. In it, nishitemo is simply a conjugation of mukounisuru, which means "to make inactive / to disable". In this case it's changing the meaning to "even if you disable it". Since you can do this for any verb (te form plus mo), isn't this different than the other ones? (contributor: Quobobo)
  
• You are absolutely correct, Quobobo! (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• wow quobobo your one smart cookie;) (contributor: kai)
  
• OK interesting. Maybe that is the "ni shite mo" that I hear most often - basically "even if you do X"...
  But this is very similar to "even for..." - so is this grammar block related to or evolved from "X ni shite mo"? (contributor: dc)
  
• ex #4867 does not make sense either in Japanese in English translation. (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• You're quite right, it ought to be something more like "Nevermind those traffic jams, you mustn't be late", don't you think? (contributor: zio)
  
• zio - feel free to edit... (contributor: dc)
  
• Correct me if I am wrong and I think I am reitterating some things in other people's comments, but isn't にしても simply the same as にしては except that the former shows more surprise at something being contrary to ones expectation.
  
  See these examples.
  
  日本人にしては背が高い。　It may be that we naturally assume a Japanese person to be shorter than say someone from America so when they are taller it is a surprise.
  
  日本人にしても背が低いね。
  
  Even if the stereotype is for a Japanese person to be shorter this person is exceptionally so.
  
  English = Even for a Japanese person he/she is short.
  
  (No offense intended here. It just seemed like a perfect example to stress my point) As a matter of fact I know several 6 foot Japanese guys and a 5 foot Japanese girl disproving any idea that Japanese people are short.
  
  Anyway I added a better example above. (contributor: kadoka66)
  
• I looked in the PDF of Meguro Language Center for JPLT2 (http://www.mlcjapanese.co.jp/DownloadF/2-all.pdf) and I found some "にしては" but no "にしても" in the list of grammar points appearing in past test.
  I looked in the site http://www.japonin.com/intermediate-grammar-list.php and there is a reference to "にしては" but for "にしても" no reference too.
  Are you sure this is useful for level 2 of JPLT? (contributor: 赤毛)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=nanode&date=2009-12-17

なので (nanode)

    Meaning: since
    Example: since this is secret

  [ View this entry online ]

  Notes:  
Sorry...no Notes exist yet for this entry...Add Note(s)

  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• この情報は内々に知らされたものなので、あなたに何も教えることはできない   [ex #3129]
This information was given to me in confidence, so I can't tell you anything.

• それは真実なのでいまさら四の五の言ってもはじまらない   [ex #3131]
Since it is quite true, grumbling about it now does not get you anywhere.

• あんなに子供が好きなので、スーは先生になるべきだ。   [ex #3556]
Liking children the way she does Sue should become a teacher.

• いすをどかしてください。邪魔なので。   [ex #3557]
Please put those chairs away, They are in the way.

• いやほんを頼んだはずなのですが。   [ex #3558]
The thing is, I asked for earphones.

• お天気なので、釣りに行きたいような気がする。   [ex #3559]
It is a fine day and I feel like going fishing.

• お母さんが病気なので、今日はお父さんが料理をします。   [ex #3560]
Because my mother is sick, my father will cook today.

• こういうわけで私はあなたに反対なのです。   [ex #3561]
This is the reason I disagree with you.

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</ul>   See Also:  

• node
• nitsuki-2

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  Comments:  

• can someone explain the difference between this and just node ?
  (contributor: dc)
  
• I think it is simply that if the clause before node is a noun, such as in this example, then you use 'nanode'. If it is a verb then you only use 'node'.
  
  As far as I know, 'na' seems to be related to the copula 'da', and can be seen in other similar circumstances such as 'nanoni'. Exactly why it changes to na instead of da I don't know.
  
  Contrast 'sou da to omou',and 'sou na node...'
  (contributor: bi-ru)
  
• な is 連体形 of 助動詞「だ」which inflect as だろ、で、だっ、だ、な、なら but な only connects to particles の、ので、のに.
  (contributor: bamboo4)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kudasai&date=2009-12-16

下さい (kudasai)

    Meaning: please
    Example: Please give me,that

  [ View this entry online ]

  Notes:  
kudasai is an auxiliary verb which indicates a polite request: "please do"

1) kudasai is a polite imperative form of kudasaru, the honorofic version of kureru 'give'(me) and is used as an auxiliary verb with the te-form of verbs.
　ゆっくり飲んでください。
　please drink slowly/at your own pace

2) The negtative question form kudasaimasenka makes a request more polite　
　あした８時に来てくださいませんか。
　Won't you come tomorrow at 8 O'Clock?

3) douzo emphasizes the speakers request and makes it more polite.
　どうぞたくさん食べてください。
　Go ahead please, and eat as much as you like

4) In very informal speech, kudasai may drop(this form of request is often used by female speakers)
　はやく言って。
　go on say it (please)

　まだ帰らないで。
　dont come back yet (please)

5) kure, the imperative form of kureru, can also be used in place of kudasai in informal male speech.[Vte/Vneg nai de] kure is the least polite request form.
　いっしょに来てくれ。
　can you come together (for me?)
(=can you let me go with you?)

　うちへ帰らないでくれ。
　don't come back to our place (OK?)


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• それをください。[ sore wo kudasai ]   [ex #638]
That, please .

• みせてください。[ misete kudasai]   [ex #640]
Please show me.

• あの方が言われる事を、何でもしてあげてください。   [ex #4848]
Do whatever he tells you.

• みなさま、ようこそご搭乗くださいました。   [ex #4849]
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome aboard.

• 「塩をとってください。」「はい、どうぞ。」   [ex #4850]
Pass me the salt, please. Here you are.

• 「芝生に入らないでください」という標識があった。   [ex #4851]
There was a sign saying, "keep off the grass."

• 彼によろしくお伝えください。   [ex #4852]
Please give him my best regards.

• ５時にお電話下さいませんか。   [ex #4853]
Would you please call me up at five o'clock?

• あのビールをください。   [ex #4854]
I'd like that beer, please.

• あの窓を閉めてくださいませんか。   [ex #4855]
Would you be so kind as to shut that window?

• この花を送ってくださったのは佐藤さんかもしれません。   [ex #4856]
It may have been Mr SATO who sent these flowers.

• お母さんが私にかわいらしいお人形を買ってくださいました。   [ex #4857]
Mom bought a pretty doll for me.

• ようこそパーティーにお越しくださいました。   [ex #4858]
I'm glad you could come to the party.

Help JGram by picking and editing examples!!

• Search big database for more examples of 下さい
  
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</ul>   See Also:  

• nasai    (なさい and ください can both be used to make requests, although なさい is probably more forceful.)
• onegai

[ Add a See Also ]

  Comments:  

• Note : The object marker を is said 'o' but may be written as either 'wo' or 'o' depending on romaji system used. (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• ください can be used in two ways.
  1. To ask for an object をください ( wo kudasai )
  2. To ask for an action verb-te ください (v-te kudasai). (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• Note みせる (miseru) is the dictionary form of the verb meaning 'to show'.
  みせて (misete) is the te form of the verb meaning 'to show'. (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• i translated the examples in the notes above, can a native speaker please check? (contributor: dc)
  
• what in level four grammar list(kanji and fuu )are not in level 4 JLPT syllabus.please check. (contributor: ramu)
  
• ramu - I don't understand your question? you want us to check all the JLPT4 items? (contributor: dc)
  
• dear Dc every year JLPT test administrative comitte publishing syllabus of JLPT all levels exams.what i said before (kanji and fuu) these grammar points are not in JLPT level 4 syllabus. (contributor: ramu)
  
• ramu, did you check all syllabus of all levels? すごいね。So what level do you think this or other entries would be? (contributor: Miki)
  
• kanji and fuu not listed in jlpt levels,but level miki,tow text books we can find "fuu" in intermediate level text books."kanji" is not listed in level one syllabus but i think for facing listening nad reading comprahension aprts its better to know the the student of level one (contributor: ramu)
  
• i changed this level 3 then for now. i thot 下さい is one of the first words one learns... (contributor: dc)
  
• indigoharp noted on Tae Kim's Japanese Guide forums that くれ is not only the least polite form, but might actually be offensive:
  
  http://www.guidetojapanese.org/forum/viewtopic.php?pid=10832#p10832 (contributor: pazustep)
  
• In a 少し example (#4927), 「水を少しくださし。」「いいですよ。」, くださし is written instead of ください. Is this a typo or is there a reason for it? (contributor: darkseed)
  
• This entry seems to have been tuned from level 4 to level 2. It seems to easy to be level 2. Please tune it back to level 3. どうぞ三級に戻って下さいませんか。 (contributor: 赤毛)
  
• I went through the examples and replaced 下 with くだ. Japanese manuals of style say to use the kanji with NOUNを下さい, contrasted with the TE-form VERBてください, in which you do not use the kanji.
  
  It's not technically incorrect, but it's preferred, similar to how in English spelling out zero through ten is preferred, but using numbers for values greater than ten is preferred. (contributor: KyleGoetz)
  
• How does onegai compare to kudasai in usage? Can a description and demonstration be added into this article, or does it need a separate page? (contributor: enkephalin07)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=mai-2&date=2009-12-15

〜まい (mai-2)

    Meaning: probably won't
    Example: you probably won't die from this illness

  [ View this entry online ]

  Notes:  
Ｖnonpastまい
1. 行くまい (〜will not go; probably will not go)
2. 教えるまい (〜will not teach; probably will not teach)

Adj(i)stemくはあるまい
1. 高くはあるまい (〜is probably not expensive)

Adj(na)stem/Nounであるまい
1. 静かではあるまい (〜is probably not quiet)
2. 先生ではあるまい (〜is probably not a teacher)
This is an auxiliary which expresses the negative volition or conjecture of the speaker. It is basically a written form, used in formal writing.

For Gr. 2 verbs, Ｖmasu is occasionally used instead of Ｖinf・nonpast. For irregular verbs, すまい and こまい are sometimes used instead of するまいand くるまい, respectively. See examples #6088, #6089, and #6090.

まい does not have a past form. The past tense is expressed by other verbs. See examples #6091 and #6092.

The volition of someone other than the speaker can be expressed by まい, as in example #6093. Note that と思う is used to express the volition of someone other than the speaker. Thus, example #6094 expresses the conjecture of the speaker rather than the volition of Keiko.

Ｖinf・nonpastまいとする expresses the idea of "try not to Ｖ." See example #6095. When this structure is used in a subordinate clause, する is often omitted, as in example #6096.

ＶvolitionalかＶinf・nonpastまいか expresses the idea "whether (I) will Ｖ or not," as in example #6098.


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• この病気で死ぬまいと思うが、念のため医者に相談して下さい。   [ex #425]
You probably won't die from this illness, but just in case please consult a doctor.

• ハイテクばかりが起業ではあるまい。   [ex #493]
Just high-tech isn't enough to get a business started.

• 5人に1人が車を持つようになる日も遠くあるまい。   [ex #4693]
It will not be long before one out of five persons comes to have a car.

• ああいう風ではたいした者になれまい。   [ex #4694]
If he goes on like that, he will never amount to much.

• いかなる状況のもとでも、王女が王位を継承することはあるまい。   [ex #4695]
Under no circumstances will the princess succeed to the throne.

• この牛乳は明日までもつまい。   [ex #4696]
This milk won't keep till tomorrow.

• そのことですぐに何か手を打たねばなるまい。   [ex #4697]
Something must be done about it in no time.

• それは君の役には立つまい。   [ex #4698]
That won't help you.

• そんな噂は誰も信じまい。   [ex #4699]
Nobody will believe that rumor.

• 火星へ旅行できる日も遠くあるまい。   [ex #4701]
It won't be long before we can travel to Mars.

• 今度は罪をまぬがれまい。   [ex #4703]
We'll get in this time.

• 少々のウイスキーを飲んでも害にはなりますまい。   [ex #4704]
It'll do no harm to drink a little whisky.

• 彼はもう英語は教えまい。   [ex #6088]
He probably won't teach English any more.

• 彼女はそんなことはすまい。   [ex #6089]
She probably won't do such a thing.

• こんな機会は二度とこまい。   [ex #6090]
Such an opportunity probably won't come again.

• 清のパーティーにはもう行くまいと思った。   [ex #6091]
I decided (lit. thought) that I would not go to Kiyoshi's parties any more.

• もう橋本には何も頼むまいと心に決めた。   [ex #6092]
I am determined not to ask any more favors of Hashimoto.

• 恵子は清のパーティーにはもう行くまいと思った。   [ex #6093]
Keiko decided (lit. thought) that she would not go to Kiyoshi's parties any more.

• 恵子は清のパーティーにもう行くまい。   [ex #6094]
Keiko probably won't go to Kiyoshi's parties any more.

• 彼は私のハンドバッグを取ろうとしたが、私は取られ(る)まいとして脇の下に強くはさんだ。   [ex #6095]
He tried to take my bag, but I held it tightly under my arm, trying to keep it from being taken.

• 私は負け(る)まいと頑張った。   [ex #6096]
I hung in there, trying not to lose (the game).

• 日本へ行こうか行くまいか迷った。   [ex #6098]
I couldn't decided whether or not I should go to Japan.

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</ul>
  Comments:  

• This usage is now generally replaced by ないだろう (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• Commonly used with あるまい (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• Hmm, my example might be 'mai-3' : expression of a negative that is natural or appropriate. (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• As for the first example, we don't say 死ぬまい for the third person. We'd say 病気で死ぬことはあるまいと思うが、…。
  When you talk about yourself, you'd say この病気で死ぬまい、絶対生きてやる。 (contributor: Miki)
  
• in #4703 what does まぬがれまい mean? (contributor: dc)
  
• まぬかれる is a dictonary form. It is also pronounced as まぬがれる. 免れる means 逃れる.
  まぬがれ + まい (neg) >>> You will not be able to escape from being punished this time.
  (contributor: Miki)
  
• Is this similar to あるわけない？ (contributor: nazonatte69)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=tatsumoride&date=2009-12-14

た形 積もりで (tatsumoride)

    Meaning: instead of (hypothetical action)
    Example: 運動したつもりで、歩いて行った。/ Instead of doing exercice, I went walking.

  [ View this entry online ]

  Notes:  
P1た形つもりでP2 have the meaning of an equivalence between the hypothetical clause P1 and the real clause P2 (value, time, effort).


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• ボナスは買いに使ったつもりで銀行にお金を入れた。   [ex #6837]
Instead of using the bonus pay to buy things, I saved it (in the bank).

• 運動したつもりで、歩いて行った。   [ex #6838]
Instead of doing exercise, I went walking.

• 特別料金は五百円だから、コーヒーを一杯飲んだつもりで、特急電車に乗った。   [ex #6839]
Because the added charge is 500 Yen (the same value than the coffee), instead of drinking a coffee cup, I took the limited express train.

• 死んだつもりで決心した。   [ex #6840]
You made it with the same resolution you will need to die.

• 父親になったつもりで学生の世話をした。   [ex #6841]
I attended this student as if I were his father.

• 有名な人になったつもりで、道で写真を撮らせた。   [ex #6842]
They took a picture of me on the street as if I had became famous .

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</ul>
  Comments:  

• I intent to give a second life to that empty entry changing it completly:
  独立性 [どくりつせい] (dokuritsusei)
  Meaning: independence
  Example: Our independece have a deeper meaning in our heart.
  JLPT Level: 3
  Category: flash
  Author: chadxtiman
  No example. (contributor: 赤毛)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=maika-2&date=2009-12-13

まいか (maika-2)

    Meaning: won't you?
    Example: Won't you give me ‾ ?

  [ View this entry online ]

  Notes:  
Vru -> Vrumai/maika

VII
taberu ->tabemai/taberumai

VIII
suru -> surumai/sumai/shimai


  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• 先生にこの話を君からしてよろしく相談してくれまいか   [ex #495]
Couldn't you, if it's alright, discuss this matter with your teacher?

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</ul>
  Comments:  

• Note different verb form used before まい. (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• Hmm, not completely sure of the translation on this one ... (contributor: Amatuka)
  
• そうです。日本語があまい！How about this?
  君から、もし構わなければ、この話を先生に相談してくれまいか？ (contributor: Miki)
  
• Did you pick up the translation from Google? Searched by よろしく相談。The sentence is from a letter written in 1916. The Japanese is old.
  …、この話を先生に相談していただけませんか？or 相談していただけないものか？ would be modern expression. (contributor: Miki)
  
• まいか or ないか is normally used by a senior person to address his junior. It is not a honorrific.頂けませんか would be the polite form.頂けないものか would be the mordern version of まいか.
  (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• I was taught that this まいか form is also used to express some confusion : whether...or not -- don't know yet.
  ...行こうか行くまいか考えている。
  ..still considering whether going or not. (contributor: Yuri)
  
• Same as maika, I think there should not be a separate entry for mai_ka_-2, it should be here under the heading of mai-2. (contributor: paulblay)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]
  

http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kadoukanouchini&date=2009-12-12

かどうかのうちに (kadoukanouchini)

    Meaning: just at the time when
    Example: just as the doors opened

  [ View this entry online ]

  Notes:  
Sorry...no Notes exist yet for this entry...Add Note(s)

  Examples:  
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on POPjisyo.com or Rikai.com

• 電車のドアが開いたかどうかのうちに   [ex #1179]
Before you know if the train doors opened or not.

• 授業ベルが鳴らすかどうか教室から学生が出ました。   [ex #5243]
Just as the school bell rang, the students dashed out of the classroom.

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</ul>   See Also:  

• kanaikanouchini    (kanaikanouchini is very rare...)
• totan(ni)
• yainaya
• shidai
• nari
• tatokoro
• todoujini

[ Add a See Also ]

  Comments:  

• this is almost as if the user is not sure the new state has occurred yet.. did the doors open ("ka dou ka") or not yet.. (contributor: dc)
  
• Literally, it means "while it is not certain whether the door opened or not," so you cannot tell if the door opened or not. It depends upon the text that follows, but normally, it would mean that the door did open.
  (contributor: bamboo4)
  
• #5243 授業（終了の）ベルが鳴るかどうかのうちに　is better.
  I would say from the English...
  授業終了のベルが鳴るか鳴らないかのうちに、学生たちは教室から飛び出しました。 This does not mean students flew out, by the way. (contributor: Miki)
  
• actually, if you said, 'the students flew out' that would be acceptable english. it is understood that you mean that they moved quickly, not that they flew like birds. (contributor: sagittarius)
  
• are we sure this is a real and grammatically correct phrase? Google doesn't have many hits for it. Maybe a note about how it is a replacement for another phrase... (contributor: claytonian)
  
  [ Add a Comment ]